The Noordoostpolder is both a polder and a municipality. The municipality comprises 1 town, 10 villages and a separate postcode area. The latter belongs to Schokland, the former island in the Zuiderzee that became part of the new polder when it was reclaimed. The former island of Urk has also been part of the mainland since the reclamation, but Urk is an independent municipality, so it is not part of the Noordoostpolder municipality.
The province of Flevoland, to which the Noordoostpolder currently belongs, has only existed since 1986.